Buffalo NY vs Modesto CA — Cost of Living, Crime & Income Comparison 2026
Updated May 2026 · Source: US Census ACS 5-Year (2023), FBI CDE (2023), BLS OEWS (2024)
Buffalo, NY
New York · Population: 276,397
- Median HH Income$48,050
- Median Home Price$241,380
- Unemployment7.2%
- Bachelor's+30.3%
Modesto, CA
California · Population: 218,614
- Median HH Income$77,899
- Median Home Price$447,353
- Unemployment7.3%
- Bachelor's+20.3%
Detailed Comparison
Demographics
Population
Buffalo
276,397
Buffalo +
Modesto
218,614
Pop. Density / sq mi
Lower = more space
Buffalo
N/A
Modesto
N/A
Median Age
Buffalo
34.3
Buffalo +
Modesto
35.4
Foreign Born
Buffalo
10.5%
Modesto
18.7%
Modesto +
White
Buffalo
45.4%
Modesto
50.8%
Modesto +
Black
Buffalo
32.9%
Buffalo +
Modesto
4.7%
Asian
Buffalo
8.2%
Buffalo +
Modesto
7.4%
Hispanic
Buffalo
12.7%
Modesto
43.9%
Modesto +
Spanish at Home
Buffalo
N/A
Modesto
N/A
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 276,397 | 218,614 | Buffalo + |
| Pop. Density / sq miLower = more space | N/A | N/A | - |
| Median Age | 34.3 | 35.4 | Buffalo + |
| Foreign Born | 10.5% | 18.7% | Modesto + |
| White | 45.4% | 50.8% | Modesto + |
| Black | 32.9% | 4.7% | Buffalo + |
| Asian | 8.2% | 7.4% | Buffalo + |
| Hispanic | 12.7% | 43.9% | Modesto + |
| Spanish at Home | N/A | N/A | - |
Economy
Median HH Income
Buffalo
$48,050
Modesto
$77,899
Modesto +
Per Capita Income
Buffalo
$30,995
Modesto
$34,656
Modesto +
Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)
BEA MSA-level
Buffalo
$77,425
Buffalo +
Modesto
$77,230
Unemployment Rate
Buffalo
7.2%
Buffalo +
Modesto
7.3%
Poverty Rate
Buffalo
27.4%
Modesto
13.0%
Modesto +
Bachelor's Degree+
Buffalo
30.3%
Buffalo +
Modesto
20.3%
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median HH Income | $48,050 | $77,899 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Income | $30,995 | $34,656 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)BEA MSA-level | $77,425 | $77,230 | Buffalo + |
| Unemployment Rate | 7.2% | 7.3% | Buffalo + |
| Poverty Rate | 27.4% | 13.0% | Modesto + |
| Bachelor's Degree+ | 30.3% | 20.3% | Buffalo + |
Housing
Median Home Value
Zillow ZHVI / Census ACS
Buffalo
$241,380
Buffalo +
Modesto
$447,353
Homeownership Rate
Buffalo
42.7%
Modesto
58.4%
Modesto +
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Home ValueZillow ZHVI / Census ACS | $241,380 | $447,353 | Buffalo + |
| Homeownership Rate | 42.7% | 58.4% | Modesto + |
Safety
Violent Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Buffalo
434
Buffalo +
Modesto
503
Property Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Buffalo
1736
Buffalo +
Modesto
2388
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 434 | 503 | Buffalo + |
| Property Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 1736 | 2388 | Buffalo + |
Health
Obesity Rate
CDC PLACES
Buffalo
38.4%
Modesto
36.2%
Modesto +
Diabetes Rate
CDC PLACES
Buffalo
13.4%
Modesto
12.1%
Modesto +
Poor Mental Health
CDC PLACES — 14+ days/month
Buffalo
19.1%
Modesto
19.0%
Modesto +
No Health Insurance
CDC PLACES
Buffalo
9.4%
Buffalo +
Modesto
13.0%
Binge Drinking
CDC PLACES
Buffalo
16.3%
Buffalo +
Modesto
16.5%
Current Smokers
CDC PLACES
Buffalo
16.5%
Modesto
13.7%
Modesto +
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity RateCDC PLACES | 38.4% | 36.2% | Modesto + |
| Diabetes RateCDC PLACES | 13.4% | 12.1% | Modesto + |
| Poor Mental HealthCDC PLACES — 14+ days/month | 19.1% | 19.0% | Modesto + |
| No Health InsuranceCDC PLACES | 9.4% | 13.0% | Buffalo + |
| Binge DrinkingCDC PLACES | 16.3% | 16.5% | Buffalo + |
| Current SmokersCDC PLACES | 16.5% | 13.7% | Modesto + |
Climate
Avg Annual Temp
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Buffalo
48.3°F
Buffalo +
Modesto
63.7°F
Annual Precipitation
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Buffalo
40.5 in
Modesto
13.1 in
Modesto +
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg Annual TempNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 48.3°F | 63.7°F | Buffalo + |
| Annual PrecipitationNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 40.5 in | 13.1 in | Modesto + |
Air Quality
PM2.5 Annual Avg
EPA AQS (state-level est.)
Buffalo
8.1 µg/m³
Modesto
7.9 µg/m³
Modesto +
Good Air Days
AQI ≤ 50
Buffalo
75.0%
Modesto
75.0%
Tie
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 Annual AvgEPA AQS (state-level est.) | 8.1 µg/m³ | 7.9 µg/m³ | Modesto + |
| Good Air DaysAQI ≤ 50 | 75.0% | 75.0% | Tie |
Commute
Mean Commute Time
Census ACS
Buffalo
21.6 min
Buffalo +
Modesto
30.5 min
| Metric | Buffalo, NY | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Commute TimeCensus ACS | 21.6 min | 30.5 min | Buffalo + |
Which City is Right for You?
Modesto leads in median household income at $77,899, while buffalo offers more affordable housing with a median home price of $241,380. On public safety, Buffalo is safer with a violent crime rate of 434 per 100,000 residents, compared to 503 in Modesto. Buffalo has a lower unemployment rate at 7.2%, and Modesto has cleaner air (PM2.5 avg 7.9 µg/m³). For overall health outcomes, Modesto scores better with a lower obesity rate of 36.2%.
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