Cleveland OH vs Modesto CA — Cost of Living, Crime & Income Comparison 2026
Updated May 2026 · Source: US Census ACS 5-Year (2023), FBI CDE (2023), BLS OEWS (2024)
Cleveland, OH
Ohio · Population: 367,523
- Median HH Income$39,187
- Median Home Price$117,703
- Unemployment11.5%
- Bachelor's+21.3%
Modesto, CA
California · Population: 218,614
- Median HH Income$77,899
- Median Home Price$447,353
- Unemployment7.3%
- Bachelor's+20.3%
Detailed Comparison
Demographics
Population
Cleveland
367,523
Cleveland +
Modesto
218,614
Pop. Density / sq mi
Lower = more space
Cleveland
N/A
Modesto
N/A
Median Age
Cleveland
36.3
Modesto
35.4
Modesto +
Foreign Born
Cleveland
6.1%
Modesto
18.7%
Modesto +
White
Cleveland
36.7%
Modesto
50.8%
Modesto +
Black
Cleveland
46.8%
Cleveland +
Modesto
4.7%
Asian
Cleveland
2.3%
Modesto
7.4%
Modesto +
Hispanic
Cleveland
12.8%
Modesto
43.9%
Modesto +
Spanish at Home
Cleveland
N/A
Modesto
N/A
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 367,523 | 218,614 | Cleveland + |
| Pop. Density / sq miLower = more space | N/A | N/A | - |
| Median Age | 36.3 | 35.4 | Modesto + |
| Foreign Born | 6.1% | 18.7% | Modesto + |
| White | 36.7% | 50.8% | Modesto + |
| Black | 46.8% | 4.7% | Cleveland + |
| Asian | 2.3% | 7.4% | Modesto + |
| Hispanic | 12.8% | 43.9% | Modesto + |
| Spanish at Home | N/A | N/A | - |
Economy
Median HH Income
Cleveland
$39,187
Modesto
$77,899
Modesto +
Per Capita Income
Cleveland
$27,078
Modesto
$34,656
Modesto +
Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)
BEA MSA-level
Cleveland
$58,300
Modesto
$77,230
Modesto +
Unemployment Rate
Cleveland
11.5%
Modesto
7.3%
Modesto +
Poverty Rate
Cleveland
30.8%
Modesto
13.0%
Modesto +
Bachelor's Degree+
Cleveland
21.3%
Cleveland +
Modesto
20.3%
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median HH Income | $39,187 | $77,899 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Income | $27,078 | $34,656 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)BEA MSA-level | $58,300 | $77,230 | Modesto + |
| Unemployment Rate | 11.5% | 7.3% | Modesto + |
| Poverty Rate | 30.8% | 13.0% | Modesto + |
| Bachelor's Degree+ | 21.3% | 20.3% | Cleveland + |
Housing
Median Home Value
Zillow ZHVI / Census ACS
Cleveland
$117,703
Cleveland +
Modesto
$447,353
Homeownership Rate
Cleveland
41.2%
Modesto
58.4%
Modesto +
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Home ValueZillow ZHVI / Census ACS | $117,703 | $447,353 | Cleveland + |
| Homeownership Rate | 41.2% | 58.4% | Modesto + |
Safety
Violent Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Cleveland
319
Cleveland +
Modesto
503
Property Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Cleveland
1866
Cleveland +
Modesto
2388
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 319 | 503 | Cleveland + |
| Property Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 1866 | 2388 | Cleveland + |
Health
Obesity Rate
CDC PLACES
Cleveland
42.2%
Modesto
36.2%
Modesto +
Diabetes Rate
CDC PLACES
Cleveland
17.7%
Modesto
12.1%
Modesto +
Poor Mental Health
CDC PLACES — 14+ days/month
Cleveland
19.6%
Modesto
19.0%
Modesto +
No Health Insurance
CDC PLACES
Cleveland
13.4%
Modesto
13.0%
Modesto +
Binge Drinking
CDC PLACES
Cleveland
16.2%
Cleveland +
Modesto
16.5%
Current Smokers
CDC PLACES
Cleveland
21.5%
Modesto
13.7%
Modesto +
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity RateCDC PLACES | 42.2% | 36.2% | Modesto + |
| Diabetes RateCDC PLACES | 17.7% | 12.1% | Modesto + |
| Poor Mental HealthCDC PLACES — 14+ days/month | 19.6% | 19.0% | Modesto + |
| No Health InsuranceCDC PLACES | 13.4% | 13.0% | Modesto + |
| Binge DrinkingCDC PLACES | 16.2% | 16.5% | Cleveland + |
| Current SmokersCDC PLACES | 21.5% | 13.7% | Modesto + |
Climate
Avg Annual Temp
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Cleveland
52.7°F
Cleveland +
Modesto
63.7°F
Annual Precipitation
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Cleveland
36.4 in
Modesto
13.1 in
Modesto +
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg Annual TempNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 52.7°F | 63.7°F | Cleveland + |
| Annual PrecipitationNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 36.4 in | 13.1 in | Modesto + |
Air Quality
PM2.5 Annual Avg
EPA AQS (state-level est.)
Cleveland
10.3 µg/m³
Modesto
7.9 µg/m³
Modesto +
Good Air Days
AQI ≤ 50
Cleveland
55.0%
Modesto
75.0%
Modesto +
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 Annual AvgEPA AQS (state-level est.) | 10.3 µg/m³ | 7.9 µg/m³ | Modesto + |
| Good Air DaysAQI ≤ 50 | 55.0% | 75.0% | Modesto + |
Commute
Mean Commute Time
Census ACS
Cleveland
24.3 min
Cleveland +
Modesto
30.5 min
| Metric | Cleveland, OH | Modesto, CA | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Commute TimeCensus ACS | 24.3 min | 30.5 min | Cleveland + |
Which City is Right for You?
Modesto leads in median household income at $77,899, while cleveland offers more affordable housing with a median home price of $117,703. On public safety, Cleveland is safer with a violent crime rate of 319 per 100,000 residents, compared to 503 in Modesto. Modesto has a lower unemployment rate at 7.3%, and Modesto has cleaner air (PM2.5 avg 7.9 µg/m³). For overall health outcomes, Modesto scores better with a lower obesity rate of 36.2%.
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