Modesto CA vs Toledo OH — Cost of Living, Crime & Income Comparison 2026
Updated May 2026 · Source: US Census ACS 5-Year (2023), FBI CDE (2023), BLS OEWS (2024)
Modesto, CA
California · Population: 218,614
- Median HH Income$77,899
- Median Home Price$447,353
- Unemployment7.3%
- Bachelor's+20.3%
Toledo, OH
Ohio · Population: 268,461
- Median HH Income$47,532
- Median Home Price$130,101
- Unemployment8.5%
- Bachelor's+21.0%
Detailed Comparison
Demographics
Population
Modesto
218,614
Toledo
268,461
Toledo +
Pop. Density / sq mi
Lower = more space
Modesto
N/A
Toledo
N/A
Median Age
Modesto
35.4
Modesto +
Toledo
35.7
Foreign Born
Modesto
18.7%
Modesto +
Toledo
3.4%
White
Modesto
50.8%
Toledo
58.7%
Toledo +
Black
Modesto
4.7%
Toledo
28.7%
Toledo +
Asian
Modesto
7.4%
Modesto +
Toledo
1.4%
Hispanic
Modesto
43.9%
Modesto +
Toledo
8.9%
Spanish at Home
Modesto
N/A
Toledo
N/A
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 218,614 | 268,461 | Toledo + |
| Pop. Density / sq miLower = more space | N/A | N/A | - |
| Median Age | 35.4 | 35.7 | Modesto + |
| Foreign Born | 18.7% | 3.4% | Modesto + |
| White | 50.8% | 58.7% | Toledo + |
| Black | 4.7% | 28.7% | Toledo + |
| Asian | 7.4% | 1.4% | Modesto + |
| Hispanic | 43.9% | 8.9% | Modesto + |
| Spanish at Home | N/A | N/A | - |
Economy
Median HH Income
Modesto
$77,899
Modesto +
Toledo
$47,532
Per Capita Income
Modesto
$34,656
Modesto +
Toledo
$27,407
Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)
BEA MSA-level
Modesto
$77,230
Modesto +
Toledo
$58,300
Unemployment Rate
Modesto
7.3%
Modesto +
Toledo
8.5%
Poverty Rate
Modesto
13.0%
Modesto +
Toledo
24.5%
Bachelor's Degree+
Modesto
20.3%
Toledo
21.0%
Toledo +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median HH Income | $77,899 | $47,532 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Income | $34,656 | $27,407 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)BEA MSA-level | $77,230 | $58,300 | Modesto + |
| Unemployment Rate | 7.3% | 8.5% | Modesto + |
| Poverty Rate | 13.0% | 24.5% | Modesto + |
| Bachelor's Degree+ | 20.3% | 21.0% | Toledo + |
Housing
Median Home Value
Zillow ZHVI / Census ACS
Modesto
$447,353
Toledo
$130,101
Toledo +
Homeownership Rate
Modesto
58.4%
Modesto +
Toledo
52.7%
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Home ValueZillow ZHVI / Census ACS | $447,353 | $130,101 | Toledo + |
| Homeownership Rate | 58.4% | 52.7% | Modesto + |
Safety
Violent Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Modesto
503
Toledo
319
Toledo +
Property Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Modesto
2388
Toledo
1866
Toledo +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 503 | 319 | Toledo + |
| Property Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 2388 | 1866 | Toledo + |
Health
Obesity Rate
CDC PLACES
Modesto
36.2%
Modesto +
Toledo
39.3%
Diabetes Rate
CDC PLACES
Modesto
12.1%
Modesto +
Toledo
15.7%
Poor Mental Health
CDC PLACES — 14+ days/month
Modesto
19.0%
Modesto +
Toledo
20.6%
No Health Insurance
CDC PLACES
Modesto
13.0%
Toledo
11.3%
Toledo +
Binge Drinking
CDC PLACES
Modesto
16.5%
Toledo
14.9%
Toledo +
Current Smokers
CDC PLACES
Modesto
13.7%
Modesto +
Toledo
19.9%
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity RateCDC PLACES | 36.2% | 39.3% | Modesto + |
| Diabetes RateCDC PLACES | 12.1% | 15.7% | Modesto + |
| Poor Mental HealthCDC PLACES — 14+ days/month | 19.0% | 20.6% | Modesto + |
| No Health InsuranceCDC PLACES | 13.0% | 11.3% | Toledo + |
| Binge DrinkingCDC PLACES | 16.5% | 14.9% | Toledo + |
| Current SmokersCDC PLACES | 13.7% | 19.9% | Modesto + |
Climate
Avg Annual Temp
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Modesto
63.7°F
Toledo
50.6°F
Toledo +
Annual Precipitation
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Modesto
13.1 in
Modesto +
Toledo
33.4 in
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg Annual TempNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 63.7°F | 50.6°F | Toledo + |
| Annual PrecipitationNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 13.1 in | 33.4 in | Modesto + |
Air Quality
PM2.5 Annual Avg
EPA AQS (state-level est.)
Modesto
7.9 µg/m³
Modesto +
Toledo
10.3 µg/m³
Good Air Days
AQI ≤ 50
Modesto
75.0%
Modesto +
Toledo
55.0%
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 Annual AvgEPA AQS (state-level est.) | 7.9 µg/m³ | 10.3 µg/m³ | Modesto + |
| Good Air DaysAQI ≤ 50 | 75.0% | 55.0% | Modesto + |
Commute
Mean Commute Time
Census ACS
Modesto
30.5 min
Toledo
21.3 min
Toledo +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Toledo, OH | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Commute TimeCensus ACS | 30.5 min | 21.3 min | Toledo + |
Which City is Right for You?
Modesto leads in median household income at $77,899, while toledo offers more affordable housing with a median home price of $130,101. On public safety, Toledo is safer with a violent crime rate of 319 per 100,000 residents, compared to 503 in Modesto. Modesto has a lower unemployment rate at 7.3%, and Modesto has cleaner air (PM2.5 avg 7.9 µg/m³). For overall health outcomes, Modesto scores better with a lower obesity rate of 36.2%.
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