Modesto CA vs Topeka KS — Cost of Living, Crime & Income Comparison 2026
Updated May 2026 · Source: US Census ACS 5-Year (2023), FBI CDE (2023), BLS OEWS (2024)
Modesto, CA
California · Population: 218,614
- Median HH Income$77,899
- Median Home Price$447,353
- Unemployment7.3%
- Bachelor's+20.3%
Topeka, KS
Kansas · Population: 126,103
- Median HH Income$55,902
- Median Home Price$193,522
- Unemployment4.9%
- Bachelor's+29.1%
Detailed Comparison
Demographics
Population
Modesto
218,614
Modesto +
Topeka
126,103
Pop. Density / sq mi
Lower = more space
Modesto
N/A
Topeka
N/A
Median Age
Modesto
35.4
Modesto +
Topeka
38.2
Foreign Born
Modesto
18.7%
Modesto +
Topeka
5.3%
White
Modesto
50.8%
Topeka
71.0%
Topeka +
Black
Modesto
4.7%
Topeka
9.7%
Topeka +
Asian
Modesto
7.4%
Modesto +
Topeka
1.8%
Hispanic
Modesto
43.9%
Modesto +
Topeka
16.9%
Spanish at Home
Modesto
N/A
Topeka
N/A
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 218,614 | 126,103 | Modesto + |
| Pop. Density / sq miLower = more space | N/A | N/A | - |
| Median Age | 35.4 | 38.2 | Modesto + |
| Foreign Born | 18.7% | 5.3% | Modesto + |
| White | 50.8% | 71.0% | Topeka + |
| Black | 4.7% | 9.7% | Topeka + |
| Asian | 7.4% | 1.8% | Modesto + |
| Hispanic | 43.9% | 16.9% | Modesto + |
| Spanish at Home | N/A | N/A | - |
Economy
Median HH Income
Modesto
$77,899
Modesto +
Topeka
$55,902
Per Capita Income
Modesto
$34,656
Modesto +
Topeka
$33,290
Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)
BEA MSA-level
Modesto
$77,230
Modesto +
Topeka
$61,860
Unemployment Rate
Modesto
7.3%
Topeka
4.9%
Topeka +
Poverty Rate
Modesto
13.0%
Modesto +
Topeka
15.6%
Bachelor's Degree+
Modesto
20.3%
Topeka
29.1%
Topeka +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median HH Income | $77,899 | $55,902 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Income | $34,656 | $33,290 | Modesto + |
| Per Capita Personal Income (MSA)BEA MSA-level | $77,230 | $61,860 | Modesto + |
| Unemployment Rate | 7.3% | 4.9% | Topeka + |
| Poverty Rate | 13.0% | 15.6% | Modesto + |
| Bachelor's Degree+ | 20.3% | 29.1% | Topeka + |
Housing
Median Home Value
Zillow ZHVI / Census ACS
Modesto
$447,353
Topeka
$193,522
Topeka +
Homeownership Rate
Modesto
58.4%
Topeka
59.2%
Topeka +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Home ValueZillow ZHVI / Census ACS | $447,353 | $193,522 | Topeka + |
| Homeownership Rate | 58.4% | 59.2% | Topeka + |
Safety
Violent Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Modesto
503
Topeka
449
Topeka +
Property Crime / 100K
FBI CDE (state-level est.)
Modesto
2388
Topeka
2174
Topeka +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violent Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 503 | 449 | Topeka + |
| Property Crime / 100KFBI CDE (state-level est.) | 2388 | 2174 | Topeka + |
Health
Obesity Rate
CDC PLACES
Modesto
36.2%
Modesto +
Topeka
39.7%
Diabetes Rate
CDC PLACES
Modesto
12.1%
Modesto +
Topeka
13.1%
Poor Mental Health
CDC PLACES — 14+ days/month
Modesto
19.0%
Topeka
16.8%
Topeka +
No Health Insurance
CDC PLACES
Modesto
13.0%
Topeka
11.4%
Topeka +
Binge Drinking
CDC PLACES
Modesto
16.5%
Topeka
14.5%
Topeka +
Current Smokers
CDC PLACES
Modesto
13.7%
Modesto +
Topeka
16.9%
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity RateCDC PLACES | 36.2% | 39.7% | Modesto + |
| Diabetes RateCDC PLACES | 12.1% | 13.1% | Modesto + |
| Poor Mental HealthCDC PLACES — 14+ days/month | 19.0% | 16.8% | Topeka + |
| No Health InsuranceCDC PLACES | 13.0% | 11.4% | Topeka + |
| Binge DrinkingCDC PLACES | 16.5% | 14.5% | Topeka + |
| Current SmokersCDC PLACES | 13.7% | 16.9% | Modesto + |
Climate
Avg Annual Temp
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Modesto
63.7°F
Topeka
54.5°F
Topeka +
Annual Precipitation
NOAA 1991–2020 normal
Modesto
13.1 in
Modesto +
Topeka
39.0 in
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avg Annual TempNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 63.7°F | 54.5°F | Topeka + |
| Annual PrecipitationNOAA 1991–2020 normal | 13.1 in | 39.0 in | Modesto + |
Air Quality
PM2.5 Annual Avg
EPA AQS (state-level est.)
Modesto
7.9 µg/m³
Modesto +
Topeka
8.2 µg/m³
Good Air Days
AQI ≤ 50
Modesto
75.0%
Topeka
75.0%
Tie
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 Annual AvgEPA AQS (state-level est.) | 7.9 µg/m³ | 8.2 µg/m³ | Modesto + |
| Good Air DaysAQI ≤ 50 | 75.0% | 75.0% | Tie |
Commute
Mean Commute Time
Census ACS
Modesto
30.5 min
Topeka
18.3 min
Topeka +
| Metric | Modesto, CA | Topeka, KS | Better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Commute TimeCensus ACS | 30.5 min | 18.3 min | Topeka + |
Which City is Right for You?
Modesto leads in median household income at $77,899, while topeka offers more affordable housing with a median home price of $193,522. On public safety, Topeka is safer with a violent crime rate of 449 per 100,000 residents, compared to 503 in Modesto. Topeka has a lower unemployment rate at 4.9%, and Modesto has cleaner air (PM2.5 avg 7.9 µg/m³). For overall health outcomes, Modesto scores better with a lower obesity rate of 36.2%.
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